Emotional valence contributes to music-induced analgesia

Roy, Mathieu; Peretz, Isabelle; Rainville, Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.04.003

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Volume 134, Issue 1 , Pages 140-147, January 2008

Emotional valence contributes to music-induced analgesia

Mathieu Roy
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, Que, Canada H3C 3J7
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC), Canada
Isabelle Peretz
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, Que, Canada H3C 3J7
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC), Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur le système nerveux central (GRSNC), Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut de gériatrie de Montréal, Canada
Pierre Rainville
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, Que, Canada H3C 3J7
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC), Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur le système nerveux central (GRSNC), Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut de gériatrie de Montréal, Canada
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, Que, Canada H3C 3J7. Tel.: +1 514 343 6111x3935; fax: +1 514 343 2111.

Received 22 June 2006; received in revised form 2 March 2007; accepted 9 April 2007. published online 29 May 2007.

Abstract

The capacity of music to soothe pain has been used in many traditional forms of medicine. Yet, the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been demonstrated. Here, we examine the possibility that the modulatory effect of music on pain is mediated by the valence (pleasant–unpleasant dimension) of the emotions induced. We report the effects of listening to pleasant and unpleasant music on thermal pain in healthy human volunteers. Eighteen participants evaluated the warmth or pain induced by 40.0, 45.5, 47.0 and 48.5°C thermal stimulations applied to the skin of their forearm while listening to pleasant and unpleasant musical excerpts matched for their high level of arousal (relaxing–stimulating dimension). Compared to a silent control condition, only the pleasant excerpts produced highly significant reductions in both pain intensity and unpleasantness, demonstrating the effect of positive emotions induced by music on pain (Pairwise contrasts with silence: p’s<0.001). Correlation analyses in the pleasant music condition further indicated that pain decreased significantly (p’s<0.05) with increases in self-reports of music pleasantness. In contrast, the unpleasant excerpts did not modulate pain significantly, and warmth perception was not affected by the presence of pleasant or unpleasant music. Those results support the hypothesis that positive emotional valence contributes to music-induced analgesia. These findings call for the integration of music to current methods of pain control.