On the definitions and physiology of back pain, referred pain, and radicular pain

References 

1. Andersson GBJ, Brown MD, Dvorak J, Herzog RJ, Kambin P, Malter A, et al. Consensus summary on the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Spine. 1996;21:75S–78S
   • MEDLINE
   • CrossRef
2. Bogduk N. Lumbar dorsal ramus syndrome. Med J Aust. 1980;2:537–541
   • MEDLINE
3. Bogduk N. Clinical anatomy of the lumbar spine and sacrum. 4th ed.. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2005;p. 183–6
4. Bogduk N, McGuirk B. Medical management of acute and chronic low back pain. An evidence-based approach. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2002;p. 65–7
5. Bogduk N, McGuirk B. Medical management of acute and chronic low back pain. An evidence-based approach. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2002;p. 5–11
6. In:  Charlton JE editors. Core curriculum for professional education in pain. 3rd ed.. Seattle: IASP Press; 2005;
7. Devor M, Tal M. What causes low back pain?. Pain. 2009;142:11–12
   • Full Text
   • Full-Text PDF (58 KB)
   • CrossRef
8. Deyo RA, Tsui-Wu YJ. Descriptive epidemiology of low-back pain and its related medical care in the United States. Spine. 1987;12:264–268
   • MEDLINE
   • CrossRef
9. Dvorak J. Neurophysiologic tests in diagnosis of nerve root compression caused by disc herniation. Spine. 1996;21:39S–44S
   • MEDLINE
10. El Mahdi MA, Latif FYA, Janko M. The spinal nerve root innervation, and a new concept of the clinicopathological interrelations in back pain and sciatica. Neurochirurgia. 1981;24:137–141
    • MEDLINE
11. Fairbank JCT, Park WM, McCall IW, O’Brien JP. Apophyseal injections of local anaesthetic as a diagnostic aid in primary low-back pain syndromes. Spine. 1981;6:598–605
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
12. Falconer MA, McGeorge M, Begg AC. Observations on the cause and mechanism of symptom-production in sciatica and low-back pain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat. 1948;11:13–26
13. Feinstein B, Langton JNK, Jameson RM, Schiller F. Experiments on pain referred from deep somatic tissues. J Bone Joint Surg. 1954;35A:981–987
14. Fortin JD, Dwyer AD, West S, Pier J. Sacroiliac joint: pain referral maps upon applying a new injection/arthrography technique. Part I: Asymptomatic volunteers. Spine. 1994;19:1475–1482
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
15. Howe JF. A neurophysiological basis for the radicular pain of nerve root compression. In:  Bonica JJ,  Liebeskind JC,  Albe-Fessard DG editor. Advances in pain research and therapy. vol. 3:Berlin: Springer; 1979;p. 647–57
16. Howe JF, Loeser JD, Calvin WH. Mechanosensitivity of dorsal root ganglia and chronically injured axons: a physiological basis for the radicular pain of nerve root compression. Pain. 1977;3:25–41
    • Abstract
    • Full-Text PDF (1885 KB)
    • CrossRef
17. Kellgren JH. Observations on referred pain arising from muscle. Clin Sci. 1938;3:175–190
18. Kellgren JH. On the distribution of pain arising from deep somatic structures with charts of segmental pain areas. Clin Sci. 1939;4:35–46
19. Konstantinou K, Dunn KM. Sciatica: review of epidemiological studies and prevalence estimates. Spine. 2008;33:2464–2472
    • CrossRef
20. Kuslich S, Ulstro C, Michael C. The tissue origin of low back pain and sciatica. Orth Clin North Am. 1991;22:181–187
21. In:  Merskey H,  Bogduk N editor. Classification of chronic pain. Descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definition of pain terms. 2nd ed.. Seattle: IASP Press; 1994;
22. McCall IW, Park WM, O’Brien JP. Induced pain referral from posterior lumbar elements in normal subjects. Spine. 1979;4:441–446
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
23. Mooney V, Robertson J. The facet syndrome. Clin Orthop. 1976;115:149–156
24. Norlen G. On the value of the neurological symptoms in sciatica for the localization of a lumbar disc herniation. Acta Chir Scandinav 1944;(Suppl. 95):1–96.
25. O’Neill CW, Kurgansky ME, Derby R, Ryan DR. Disc stimulation and patterns of referred pain. Spine. 2002;27:2776–2781
    • CrossRef
26. Schwarzer AC, Aprill CN, Derby R, Fortin J, Kine G, Bogduk N. Clinical features of patients with pain stemming from the lumbar zygapophysial joints. Is the lumbar facet syndrome a clinical entity?. Spine. 1994;19:1132–1137
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
27. Smyth MJ, Wright V. Sciatica and the intervertebral disc. An experimental study. J Bone Joint Surg. 1959;40A:1401–1418
28. van Akkerveeken PF. Lateral stenosis of the lumbar spine: a new diagnostic test and its influence on management of patients with pain only. Thesis, Rijksuniversitet te Utrecht; 1989.
29. Wiberg G. Back pain in relation to the nerve supply of the intervertebral disc. Acta Orthop Scandinav. 1947;19:211–221