Comparison of pain and dyspnea perceptual responses in healthy subjects

Abstract 

Dyspnea and pain have a number of similarities. Recent brain imaging experiments showed that similar cortical regions are activated by the perceptions of dyspnea and pain. We tested the hypothesis that an individual’s pain sensitivity might parallel the individual’s dyspnea sensitivity. Studies were carried out in 52 young healthy subjects. Each subject experienced experimentally induced pain and dyspnea. Pain was induced by a cold-pressor test and dyspnea was induced by breathholding while the unpleasant experience of pain and dyspnea was assessed by using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The times from the start of cold stimulation and breathholding to the onset of uncomfortable sensation (pain threshold time and the period of no respiratory sensation, respectively) and to the limit of tolerance (pain endurance time and total breathholding time, respectively) were also measured. In response to cold pain stimulation, a behavioral dichotomy (pain-tolerant and pain-sensitive) was observed. The period of no respiratory sensation was significantly shorter in the PS (pain-sensitive) group than in the PT (pain-tolerant) group (16.9±3.8 vs. 19.6±5.3 s: P<0.05), whereas no significant difference in the total breathholding time was found between the PT and PS groups. A significant correlation was observed between the pain threshold time and the period of no respiratory sensation in both the PT and PS groups. However, no significant association was observed between pain and dyspnea tolerance in both groups. In conclusion, an individual’s pain threshold is correlated to the individual’s dyspnea threshold, but the individual’s pain tolerance is not consistently correlated to the individual’s dyspnea tolerance.

Keywords: Breathholding test, Cold-pressor test, Dyspnea, Pain